Business Financing and the Capital Structure

Raising Business CapitalAs a monetary consultant to this business there are two choices to consider for raising business capital, value financing and obligation financing. The subtleties, points of interest, and drawbacks of the two choices will be given. Likewise data about raising capital by choosing a venture financier will be examined. To wrap up, the authentic connections among hazard and return for basic stocks versus corporate securities will be inspected. Value FinancingIn terms of value financing it is the way toward raising capital through the offer of offers in an undertaking (National Federation of Independent Business, 2011). Value financing is the offer of a possession enthusiasm to raise assets for business purposes. â€Å"Equity financing traverses a wide scope of exercises in scale and extension, from two or three thousand dollars raised by a business person from loved ones, to mammoth introductory open contributions (IPOs) running into the billions by commonly reco gnized names, for example, Google and Facebook† (Kokemuller, 2013).The value financing process is represented by guidelines forced by nearby or national protections expert in many wards. The guidelines are intended to shield people in general from contributing with unhonest administrators who may raise assets from clueless speculators and vanish with the cash. A value financing is consequently commonly joined by a contribution reminder or plan, whichâ contains a lot of data that should enable the speculator to settle on an educated choice about the benefits regarding the financing (National Federation of Independent Business, 2011). Such data incorporates the organization's exercises, subtleties on its officials and executives, utilization of financing continues, hazard factors, budget summaries thus on.AdvantagesThe fundamental preferred position of value financing is that it doesn't need to be reimbursed. In addition, you share the dangers and liabilities of organization pr oprietorship with the new financial specialists. Since you don't need to make obligation installments, you can utilize the income created to additionally develop the organization or to expand into different zones. Keeping up a low obligation to-value proportion additionally places you in a superior situation to get an advance later on when needed.DisadvantagesThere are tradeoffs with value financing, its detriment is by taking on value venture, you surrender fractional proprietorship and some degree of dynamic authority over your business. Huge value speculators frequently demand putting delegates on organization sheets or in official positions. On the off chance that your business takes off, you need to impart a segment of your profit to the value speculator. After some time, dispersion of benefits to different proprietors may surpass what you would have reimbursed on a credit. Value financing is unique in relation to obligation financing, which alludes to reserves acquired by a bu siness.Debt FinancingsAccording to Investopedia, obligation financing is the point at which a firm fund-raises for working capital or capital uses by selling securities, bills, or notes to individual as well as institutional speculators. As a byproduct of loaning the cash, the people or establishments become leasers and get a guarantee that the head and enthusiasm on the obligation will be reimbursed (Investopedia, 2012).AdvantagesThe preferred position of obligation financing is it permits you to pay for new structures, gear and different resources used to develop your business before you win the important assets. This can be an incredible method to seek after a forceful development procedure, particularly on the off chance that you approach low financing costs. Contrasted with value financing, organizations don't need to surrender any proprietorship or control of the business with obligation financing. After the advance is taken care of the organizations relationship is finished. Different preferences of obligation financing are the enthusiasm on the credit is charge deductible and if the advance is fixed rate the head and intrigue can be arranged in the spending plan (Kokemuller, 2013).DisadvantagesThe primary weakness related with obligation financing is that you need to reimburse the advance, in addition to intrigue. In the event that an organization doesn't take care of the advance in the terms settled upon the property and resources can be repossessed by the bank. Obligation financing is likewise getting against future profit. This implies as opposed to utilizing every single future benefit to develop the business or to pay proprietors, you need to distribute a segment to obligation installments. Abuse of obligation can seriously restrain future income and smother development. Is obligation financing isn't appropriately observed and controlled it can hurt the business. On the off chance that an excess of obligation is conveyed the business and proprieto r will be viewed as â€Å"high risk† by possible speculators and that will restrict the capacity to raise capital by value financing later on. Obligation can likewise make it hard for a business to develop if the expense of reimbursing the credit is high.Investment BankAnother choice for raising capital is choosing a venture bank. They are money related establishments and people who help organizations in raising capital, frequently through a private position or open contribution of organization stock. Once in a while speculation investors are alluded to as specialists or arrangement producers. Organizations often use speculation brokers to help recognize accessible financing alternatives and acquire acquaintances with subsidizing sources (Growth Company Guide, 2000). Venture banks likewise give exceptional exhortation on the states of gathering pledges for privately owned businesses. Since speculation investors make a business of fund-raising for organizations, they can frequ ently be very useful to an organization in breaking down its subsidizing needs, recognizing the most probable or fitting hotspots for fund-raising and executing a gathering pledges methodology (Growth Company Guide, 2000).An venture bank can help, yet the nature of a company’s opportunity and the quality of its supervisory crew decides the measure of alternatives open for a given raising support. Venture financiers likewise differ in quality, assets, experience and contacts. Speculation investors who are knowledgeable about the company’s business and the sort of financing it needs, can frequently enable an organization to raise reserves. In the event that they are new to the company’s business or the sort of financing being looked for, they may really frustrate a company’s financing endeavors. Regular Stocks versus Corporate BondsIt is normally known and acknowledged among speculators that the higher the profits on a venture, the higher the dangers are. S afe ventures convey generally safe, however the profits are likewise lower. Various degrees of hazard apply to normal and favored stock, just as to corporate securities. Corporate securities by and large have the most minimal degree of danger of the three venture types, yet in addition offer lower returns, even with standard profit installments. Regular stocks have the most elevated danger of the speculations and the most noteworthy potential returns.Common StocksWhen you buy stock in an organization during an open contribution, you become an investor in the organization. A few organizations deliver profits to investors dependent on the quantity of offers held, and this is one type of rate of profitability. Another is the benefit acknowledged by exchanging on the stock trade, however one must sell the offers at a more significant expense than paid for. The dangers of possessing normal stock incorporate the conceivable loss of any anticipated benefit, just as the cash paid for the of fers, if the offer value dips under the first priceCorporate BondsBonds gave by organizations speak to the biggest of the security markets, greater than U.S. Treasury securities, civil bonds, or protections offered by government offices (Sandilands, T. 2013). The hazard related with corporate securities relies upon the money related soundness and execution of the organization giving the securities, in such a case that the organization fails it will most likely be unable to reimburse the estimation of the security, or any arrival on venture. Survey the hazard by checking the company’s FICO score with evaluations offices, for example, Moody'sâ and Standard and Poor's. Great evaluations are not ensures, be that as it may, as an organization may show a phenomenal credit record until the day preceding petitioning for financial protection (Sandilands, T. 2013).RiskCorporate securities hold the most reduced danger of the two kinds of speculations, if you pick the correct organizati on where to contribute. The principle explanation behind this is in case of liquidation, corporate investors have a more grounded guarantee to installment than holders of basic stocks. Bonds convey the danger of a lower degree of profitability, as the exhibition of stocks is commonly better. Normal stocks convey the most noteworthy hazard, since holders are last to be paid in case of chapter 11.

Starbuck Organizational Culture †Sample Assignment Solution

Question: Propose the key components of Starbucks authoritative culture that adds to its achievement in a worldwide economy. Show administrations job with making and supporting the hierarchical culture. Survey the adequacy of Starbucks the board choices in giving inventive contributions to its clients (e.g., WiFi, style of espresso, and so on.) so as to accomplish its current serious commercial center preferred position. Offer help for your justification. Decide one (1) key administration competency that a fruitful director at Starbucks is probably going to have. Demonstrate one (1) manner by which this specific competency is a solid match for the authoritative culture. Assess Starbucks capacity to accomplish long haul supportability as a worldwide pioneer in the espresso business without the associations CEO, Howard Shultz. Answer: Qualities of Starbucks Organizational Culture The most critical quality of Starbucks hierarchical structure is its decentralized dynamic procedure. Starbucks has part its association into three separate regions in order to have the option to deal with the tasks all the more viably and keeping the customers satisfied. Starbucks utilizes a lattice hierarchical structure which uses channels of correspondence. This kind of structure is a solid method of using all the correspondence channels. Truth be told structure of the association is one of the urgent purposes of its prosperity. The framework hierarchical structure encourages the association to more readily serve their clients. It centers around specific locale and administrators are made to manage every single area. The current hierarchical structure of Starbucks is half and half one. It includes level structure, geological structure and practical structure. When the hierarchical culture has been built up such individuals are selected in the association whose qualities coordinate those of the association. The choice procedure is with the end goal that it organizes on choosing such representatives who can play out the activity effectively and can and simultaneously the applicant should likewise fit into the way of life of the association. Starbucks Innovative Offerings for Customers Starbucks has presented numerous advancements since its commencement which has contributed fundamentally to its prosperity. These developments are both espresso based just as non-espresso based. Truth be told Starbucks is famous for its imaginative utilization of innovation. It gives free and boundless Wi-Fi at its stores. In this manner it might fill in as a gathering place and furthermore as a temporary office for the clients. Starbucks additionally utilizes internet based life so as to appeal clients by giving an online space to the customers to submit criticisms just as thoughts and experience. In 2009 Starbucks propelled its first application, myStarbucks application. This application empowers the clients to get to a store a get data about the espresso which is being sold at Starbucks. Truth be told Starbucks has propelled a computerized client unwaveringness program in the year 2011. By utilization of the computerized media Starbucks has made its essence felt everywhere through out the globe and has likewise prevailing with regards to upgrading the client experience. My Starbucks Idea Website has additionally end up being an incredible achievement. Research uncovers that since the start of its advanced based development Starbucks has developed at a rate which is twofold of its companions in the business. Aside from these non-espresso based developments it has additionally presented some espresso based advancements which has given the organization an edge over its rivals. It has added new things to its menu to tempt clients. More or less we can say that the administrative choice of Starbucks to continually acquaint advancements in their administrations with the clients is one reason behind its gigantic achievement. The board Competency in order to suit the way of life at Starbucks One of the key administration capacities a chief at Starbucks is probably going to have is the capacity to oversee assorted variety. Starbucks is known worldwide for its acknowledgment of various societies. Actually the organization advances assorted variety as procedure for its serious development over its rivals. So as to accomplish this objective the supervisors at Starbucks assume a crucial job. One of the targets of Starbucks is to make a culture which regards and qualities assorted variety. Their technique is to be become pioneers in assorted variety. In this way it is fundamental for director at Starbucks to have the nature of overseeing assorted variety. Without this quality it would be hard for a director to get by in Starbucks. So as to accomplish this objective it is normal that the directors would not treat the workers (known as accomplices in Starbucks) contrastingly dependent on their distinction of ethnicity or race. Supervisors ought to be dedicated to the reason for elevating assorted variety in order to have the option to fit in the way of life of the association. It is the job of the supervisors to ensure that all the individuals know that the association esteems their decent variety related endeavors. Achievement of Starbucks without Howard Schultz The authority style embraced by Howard Schultz for example the current CEO of Starbucks is both magnetic and transformational initiative. Howard Schultz is the fundamental purpose for the current accomplishment of Starbucks. In the wake of having played the job of CEO in 1987 he made Starbucks a worldwide brand. In 2000, he ventured from being the CEO. Again in 2008 he returned as the CEO as the matter of the organization had gone down. The organization at first appeared to be wellbeing upon the retirement of Schultz. Be that as it may, the fortunes of Starbucks was lost without Schultz. So Schultz needed to return in 2008. He supplanted the then CEO and took over charge of Starbucks as the CEO in 2008. With the rebound of Schultz the organization recaptured its lost fortunes. Presently Starbucks is one of the best names in the worldwide espresso industry. Presently I would examine the qualities of transformational initiative and attempt to assess whether Starbucks would have the option to support its name as one of the pioneers in the worldwide economy in future sans Howard Schultz. One of the principle qualities of transformational initiative style is that the pioneer who receives such style causes the adherents to have confidence in the objective and themselves. The adherents are not reliant on the pioneer. Regardless of whether the pioneer leaves amidst the task the devotees build up the capacity to finish the undertaking themselves. Transformational pioneers have the capacity of turning into the guides of the adherents. The supporters can relate to the transformational pioneers and may perform even without the pioneer. The adherents of a transformational pioneer are independent. Consequently we may state that however the initiative style of Howard Schultz is transformational this perspective is missing and that is the motivation behind why the organization experienced destruction without Howard Schultz. So as to have the option to make long haul progress without Howard Schultz, it is basic that Schultz make his representatives independent to accomplish the objective. On the off chance that this quality of transformational authority is shown by Schultz, at that point Starbucks would have the option to succeed even without him.

Writing Graduate Papers Can Be A Profitable Career Option

Writing Graduate Papers Can Be A Profitable Career OptionGraduate students can earn a lot of money by writing their own, and this can help with the cost of living in this country. Writing is a form of creative expression, something that comes from the heart. Not only do graduate students earn money from writing graduate papers, but also have to help their professors in grading, finding sources for references, or even getting their work published.When looking at job listings for graduate students, there are often advertisements for people willing to do dissertation, book, or even graduate papers. There is no limit to what you can do, as long as you have the skills and the aptitude to write. Although writing your own graduate papers is not something you will want to do if you don't feel up to it, many people have managed to get their master's degree and then jump straight into the corporate world without having done much formal writing. This is because many businesses, and some univers ities, do not allow for writing graduate level papers.Although they may be less prestigious than academic research, writing a graduate paper is actually not as difficult as some people would think. Graduates who have gotten jobs at places like Goldman Sachs or Citigroup often have written their thesis. These are usually presented as book reports. Although it may not sound exciting, there are many things that are written in a book report that are applicable to everyday life. In fact, it is quite an amazing piece of work that offers lots of information about a particular subject.Students can look in their university library for references, or simply ask for them by name. You can take as much time as you need to get them. If there are sources you are unsure of, then contact the person or company directly and find out if the information can be added into your thesis.In today's economy, jobs are hard to come by. Many jobs have been automated or moved offshore. Yet, writing a thesis is ne cessary to get your graduate degree, and even if you have not done this before, a thesis will help you get more employment in the future.As mentioned above, writing graduate papers is quite popular. One of the reasons is because there is such a wide range of topics that need to be covered. Because people rarely have any financial need, the amount of money they earn writing their own research papers is enough to live on.It is always a good idea to research a different topic and then write your thesis on this. If you have studied English, you might want to find a different area of study, such as historical studies, political science, sociology, history, etc. Writing your own thesis can help you go after new opportunities, while also gaining relevant experience.All in all, writing a graduate paper is not difficult. If you feel up to it, it's a great way to get experience and to get additional skills to further your career. Since so many people choose to do their PhD at some point in th eir lives, earning money writing a thesis is easy.

The Global Consumption Of Oil - 904 Words

The global consumption of oil has been deliberately rising for past two decades. The use of energy resources all over the world has raised concerns over the consumption of energy resources and its environmental impacts. In this essay, an attempt is made to picture the geographies of energy consumption that increased attention to carbon emissions in the G7 and BRICs and countries like India, China, Brazil, U.S.A and Canada and its implications for human society, climate and political or economic dimensions. All the data discussed in this paper about energy use and emissions are from the Enerdata Global Energy Statistical Yearbook 2015 unless otherwise indicated. In the recent years, overall demand growth for oil is strong in Asia pacific region and North America. The consumption of energy resources in major developing and industrial countries, namely, China, India and Brazil is expanding rapidly, but on the other hand, G7 countries where most of the demand of oil are consumed, demand for oil has been static and seems to be reduced from last few years. In 1990s, U.S and G7 countries were top consumers of oil, at present BRICs countries and China, are becoming greatest consumers of oil, although G7 countries and U.S are reducing their demand as compared to past two decades but still their demand is higher even from BRICs and China. The rapid increase in fossil energy consumption by emerging economies over the past decade clearly reflects the global increase in CO2Show MoreRelatedThe Global Consumption Of Oil951 Words   |  4 PagesOil is an important component in many industries and the majority of global energy needs are generated by oil. Hence, it is unsurprising that the annual global consumption of oil is around 30 billion barrels and it accounts for around one-third of all energy consumed . According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA),Venezuela and Saudi Arabia are the top 2 countries with the most proven crude oil reserves and over 90% of their export revenues come from oil . In addition, since 1980Read MoreA Formula for Using Alternative Energy to Reduce Global Oil Dependency1579 Words   |  6 Pagesthat oil resources are diminishing across the globe. The demand for oil is increasing in countries that are benefitting from the shift in manufacturing and services to underdeveloped co untries. In order to maintain particular standards of oil-dependent living, nation states establish unbalanced trade arrangements which contribute to global disharmony. The continued use of oil in its many applications is a dominant cause of air and water pollution, which is substantially contributing to global warmingRead MoreCompetitive Enviroment Of World Oil Markets934 Words   |  4 PagesCOMPETITIVE ENVIROMENT IN WORLD OIL MARKETS OPEC Has Been Waring Its Role on Oil Markets The largest organization to control and impact oil suppliers is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), an entity which associates with13 countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. The mission of OPEC is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and in orderRead MoreOil Prices And Rise And Fall Of Chinese Economy Essay1125 Words   |  5 PagesFalling crude oil prices and rise and fall of Chinese economy Who’s afraid of falling crude oil prices? Isn’t it something to celebrate from the consumers’ point of view, especially in the Asian region! The answer is perhaps â€Å"no†. Though the debate over the impact of plunge in crude oil price and its implications will continue for long, nothing can be said with fair amount of certainty as long as its link with the slowdown of Chinese economy. A substantial amount of work is being carried out by theRead MoreDoes Oil Price Shocks Affect Business Cycles?994 Words   |  4 PagesIt is often said that oil price shocks affect business cycles, triggering a detrimental effect on the economic activity of some countries when they rise and a favourable effect when they fall. One instance could be the U.S., where the data suggests that most recessions after 1973 have been headed by oil price increases, which is often taken as evidence of recessions being caused by oil price shocks. 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The presence of oil in India was discovered in late 1889 at Digboi in Assam where the first crude oil refinery was set up in 1901. India is not among the major oil producers and that is why it generally depends on imports from other countries. The largest crude oil producing country is Saudi Arabia followed by Russia and America. The extent of theRead MoreRenewable Energy And Climate Change1477 Words   |  6 PagesRenewable Energy and Climate Change Global warming and climate change is one of the most pressing issues in the contemporary society given its continued impacts on human life and the world’s ecosystem. The considerable effects of this issue have raised huge concerns among policymakers, governments, and the public. As a result, various initiatives have been developed in attempts to lessen global warming or climate change, especially those related to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases toRead MoreAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesAlternative Energy Resources and Human Dependence on Oil Introduction The modern world is fuelled by oil (Youngquest, 1998). This reality has brought tremendous changes and developments that is continuously transforming the modern period, changing its lifestyles and economies in the last 200 years. However, these changes do not only paved for modernization and development, but it has also paved for the environmental crisis that the world is now facing (Bodley, 2008). Environmental crisis refersRead MoreTo What Extent Are Our Global Consumption Patterns Harming or Benefiting People and the Planet?1098 Words   |  4 Pagesour lives concerning our consumption. We have gone a long way throughout history which has led us to a large improvement to our planet. However, this change isn’t perfect. Although it may damage the environment and our planet, our global consumption patterns are benefiting people by giving us tools that increase what we can do, and our consumption is even more beneficial because of the creation of globalization which has devel oped our world economy. Our increased consumption of goods is severely damaging

The Male Struggle with Body Image - 1632 Words

In today’s society, people tend to focus a lot on females and the problems they have concerning their body image based on popular culture, stereotypes, and other generalizations of how a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack in treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go through the harmful effects and risks that come with the efforts they†¦show more content†¦They are often referred to as â€Å"health food junkies.† Now, fruits and vegetables are great for you, but someone who is the victim of orthorexia gradually becomes so obsessed wi th the purification of their diet that they begin to remove more and more food items. This deprivation of essential nutrients from certain foods can have harmful effects on the body. Eating disorders are not the only thing males also suffer from. Expectations from the media are also a strong push into worries about body image. Despite popular belief, guys struggle with images broadcasted by the media as much as girls do. Andrew Shrout, a junior at U.C. Berkeley feels the weight that is put on him to â€Å"be a man† and pretend like nothing is wrong. â€Å"Men are pressured to have as little fat as possible--but you’ve got to pretend like you don’t watch what you eat† (Alpert 1). Also, men are expected to â€Å"up their game† as women get more power financially as well as keep their bodies well maintained. Clinical instructor at the Harvard Medical school psychiatry department Roberto Olivardia states that men and young boys deal with the same image s broadcasted out as women and young girls do. â€Å"Boys are growing up now with the billboard of the guy with perfect pecs and biceps† (Alpert 2). Media pushes the perfect way to look at men in commercials, magazines, male models, and even movies. Girls often complain about the unfairShow MoreRelatedThe Male Struggle with Body Image1583 Words   |  7 Pages people tend to focus a lot on females and the problems they have concerning their body image based on popular culture, stereotypes, and other generalizations of how a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, womenRead MoreGender Inequality Around The World1437 Words   |  6 Pageschallenge was slavery. In the twentieth cent ury, it was the battle against totalitarianism. We believe that in this century the paramount moral challenge will be the struggle for gender equality around the world†. Although women have made great strides in gaining equality, females around the world are not treated as equals to their male counterparts. Their education is taken for granted, their sports are not taken seriously, and their beauty is held to an almost unattainable standard. The inequalityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article How Men Really Feel About Their Bodies 990 Words   |  4 Pageswhat their bodies should look like. Americans are starting to realize that this is wrong. Women should be accepted and celebrated no matter what they look like physically. Some women are told if they are themselves then they will be alone and never married. Men are now being blamed for making women feel as though they aren’t good enough and convincing them to conform to their standards. But, are American men being victimi zed too? In the article â€Å"How men really feel about their bodies† Spiker explainsRead MoreThe Synoptic Gospels Lies A Brief Passage Of A Man Carrying The Cross For Jesus1717 Words   |  7 PagesSimon. This image of a Black body being forced to submit to the hands of an oppressive entity, resonates deeply in the historical context of an African American spirituality. This act represents not only the oppression given at the hands foreign oppressors, but also the oppressive forces adopted within Black culture. In Simon of Cyrene, Black people find in him a reflection of themselves in the context of America culture. Black women, Black men, and Black LGBTQ+ people can find their struggles in theRead MoreBody1122 Words   |  5 PagesOur Bodies in the Media In any civilization appearance has a huge impact on the daily lives, of those living in it. Some cultures favor piercings, others strength, some wear clothes, others do not. The contributing factors for how they appear, typically go back to traditional roots. Our culture in the US, although influenced by our history, now has to deal with an almost daily changes seen in the media. It is nearly impossible to keep up with what is â€Å"in† and how we are â€Å"supposed† to look.Read MoreWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words   |  7 Pagesno new discovery that teenagers in America tend to have a conflict with eating disorders. This problematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try to find a w ay to help decrease the amount of teens that suffer by having them. Here areRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesHollywood controls most entertainment media consumed by people all around the world. The messages and images portrayed in movies and television shows created by the large production companies affect all those who partake of the media they produce. Entertainment media can be uplifting and enjoyable, however, media normalizes damaging gender norms for men and women. Gender norms are rules believed to govern how the different sexes should look and act. People develop these behaviors by observingRead MoreI Attended Both Days Of The Borderlands : A Critical Graduate Symposium950 Words   |  4 Pagesand stigma associated with body image and weight. She presents her research based on body size as a stigmatized identity not a health issue. Her plan is, through a Participatory Action Research Project she will interview 20 undergraduate females who experience body weight stigma. She ties in the concept of intersectionality, and explains how the expression of fatness is not universal. In her research that she presented to us she carefully analyzing the discrimination of body size within certain settingsRead MoreThe Media Have Alternative Affects Depending On The Perspective.1100 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing about some video games, the titled games are mainly male protagonist as quoted, â€Å"Some of Polack’s previous games have asked play ers to save the galaxy from malevolent aliens (Galactic Civilizations 2), save the universe from evil deities (Demigod), and save the world from marauding Titans (Elemental: War of Magic)† (448). To look for the storyboard discussing about these games is important to ensure that the direct audience is dominantly male gamers; which does not limit to females. The same goalRead MoreFeminist Witches and Poetry1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthan just their love of poetry, they both incorporated female struggles and feminist ideas into their poetry. In a close reading of the poems Her Kind, by Anne Sexton and Anorexic, by Eavan Boland, the themes and the overall feel and struggles of the characters in both poems are very similar; they both use historical and biblical references that demean women and they both use strong female stereotypes that are going through personal struggles. Both characters are empowered through their defeat or self-destruction

Female Serial Killers - 2154 Words

Not many people know that women can murder others, let alone, be serial murderers. What has been perceived generally in our societies is that women are the creation of God who sacrifice for others and care selflessly. It is the males who are seen as the abusers, the ones who murder, kill others for their selfish motives. That is true but not completely. The majority of people who abuse, or kill are males. However, women are also seen as doing these acts so anonymous to their â€Å"feminism†. Women also murder, and surprisingly, â€Å"they can be even more dangerous than males† (Deborah, 2000). My research paper will prove that women can be murderers and some can be really brutal. WHAT IS SERIAL MURDER? Serial murder has been defined as†¦show more content†¦There is a benefit of choosing such a profession that places them in situations where they are in contact with helpless individuals. Due to their vulnerability it becomes easier to poison the victim as the sick or infirm cannot resist. Plus, when a sick victim dies and there are no overt signs of struggle, it is easy for police to mistake the crime for a natural death. Over 50% are either very young or very old (Deborah, 2000). What is the purpose behind the murders? Women kill largely for instrumental reasons such as monetary gain rather than affective reasons such as achieving motional satisfaction. Absent is the presence of sexual fantasy as a motivating factor (Richard N.Kocsis, 2007). A survey of known serial killers worldwide reveals that 41% of homicidal women kill for profit or greed. Female serial killers who victimize their own children and other relatives sometimes have a much stranger motive than profit. According to psychiatrists, some of them become addicted to the sympathetic attention they receive after the death of their loved ones (Micheal John, 2008). TYPES OF FEMALE SERIAL MURDERERS Black widows The nickname of such killers, of course, comes from the black widow spider, which kills its partner after mating. Human black widows are essentially the same. They usually start killing after the age of twenty-five, and for a decade or longer theyShow MoreRelatedFemale Serial Killers : A Serial Killer Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFemale Serial Killers For the most part the domain of serial homicide is ruled by men. There is however some females that has and can be serial killers. According to Bartol Bartol (2005) there have been at thirty six female serial killers throughout the United States. In general society we do not like to believe that women are capable of committing such acts, but as we continue to alter our views, moral, and beliefs of women’s equality and feminism there is room for women to be just as likelyRead MoreThe Role Of Female Serial Killers On The Mind Of A Serial Killer1594 Words   |  7 PagesDelving into the mind of a serial killer can be a dark and twisted place to go, but also very interesting and intriguing at the same time. While the majority of serial killers in history have been men, women have also had their place in this type of crime. Often our first question when we hear the news of a new serial killer, our first question is â€Å"who is he?† But as we will examine through the rese arch for this paper, women can also be geared to not only kill but to do it over and over again. AlthoughRead MoreEssay on Female Serial Killers738 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Serial Killers While most of the violent crimes that happens most are them are belongs to men, women have not been the wilting flowers promoted so heartily by Victorian adorers and (right or wrong) often evident in todays society. Before we get into detail about the fascinating phenomenon of the Black Widow, it is worth a brief overview of womens escalating role in the world of violent crime, particularly in the United States. Since 1970, there has been an increasing and alarming riseRead MoreFemale Serial Killers Essay2409 Words   |  10 Pagesmany catastrophes performed by a woman serial killer. Serial killers are a problem in the United States, murdering on average 2000 people each year (Indiana University np). â€Å"In fact, serial murder in the United States alone makes up more than three-quarters of the estimated world total† (Innes 5). Although women serial killers are not very common, they still have a huge impact on the death toll of innocent victims. In order to understand how woman serial killers operate, it is important to understandRead MoreThe First American Female Serial Killer3507 Words   |  15 PagesMechanisms 7 Immature Defence Mechanisms 8 Neurotic Defence Mechanisms 9 Mature Defence Mechanisms 9 Conclusion 11 â€Æ' The person I am going to analyse in this assignment is Aileen ‘Lee’ Carol Wuornos who was considered to be the first American female serial killer (Anon., 2015). Wuornos was born on February 29th 1956 in Rochester Michigan (Anon., 2015). Her father, Leo Dale Pittman was an alleged child molester and her mother Diane Wuornos was a teen mother who was not capable of taking up the responsibilitiesRead MoreFemale Serial Killers773 Words   |  4 PagesFEMALE SERIAL KILLERS Rudyard Kipling once said that the female of the species is far more deadly than the male. Female serial killers more than prove that theory, yet they have always been something of an anomaly in criminology and a puzzle for law enforcement. These are the quiet killers, every bit as lethal as their male counterparts, but we are seldom aware of one in our midst because of their low visibility. Most female crime is hidden. Kelleher Kelleher (1998) argue that female serialRead MoreThe Topic Of Female Serial Killers3596 Words   |  15 PagesMy essay is based on the topic of Female Serial Killers. I have collected information and statistics to develop my understanding. I have questions that convey interest in the field of studies of criminology, psychology and gender roles such as why do women kill? How do they kill? Is there difference between male and female serial killers? I came across this topic because I am interested in unusual portrayals of people in society and I have been fascinated by this controversial theory of Nature vsRead MoreFemale Serial Killers: Statistics and Research864 Words   |  3 PagesFemale Serial Killers: Serial killer is described as an example of a murderer who kills several individuals over a long period of time. While these people are usually male motivated by various psychological motives such as power, the number of female serial killers has increased significantly in the recent past. Unlike their male counterparts, female serial killers use less visible means of murder such as poisoning in order to keep under the radar and remain discrete (Gilbert et. al., 2003). SinceRead MoreSerial Murder And Mass Murder936 Words   |  4 Pages Before we can take on the definitions of serial murder and mass murder, we must first understand what exactly constitutes murder. According to the United States Code-section 1111, murder is defined as the unlawful killing of a human being with malice aforethought (4). With that said, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the term serial murder implies that there are at least three different murder events at three different locations, with a â€Å"cooling off† period between each event (RamslandRead MoreThe Mind of Monsters1390 Words   |  6 PagesMorgan is a fictional serial killer from Showtime’s series â€Å"Dexter†, but the writers and actors have portrayed a real life serial killer. Manuel Prado is the real Dexter Morgan. Prado was a Miami cop who started with smaller crime and worked his way up to becoming a serial killer. †Prosecutor David Waksman told the Miami Herald: He was very cold. He was doing robberies and went home and slept lik e a baby. He was proud of what he did.† (International, 2012) Real life serial killers do not have any empathy

Debut Albums and Life free essay sample

Perhaps you feel Invisible or maybe you are being bullied. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I think that Is to live what Is not life, because life is supposed to have good times and sad times. When you only experience the sad times, you are not truly living. I think, To live what Is not life, means you are not living a good life, you are not happy and you cannot see the light t the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you feel Invisible or maybe you are being bullied. I think that Is to live what Is not elite, because elite Is supposed to have good times and sad times.When you only experience the sad times, you are not truly living. L think, To live what is not life, means you are not living a good life, you are not happy and you cannot see the light at the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you feel invisible or maybe you are being bullied. I think that is to live what is not life, because life is supposed not truly living. think, To live what is not life, means you are not living a good life, oh are not happy and you cannot see the light at the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you feel invisible or maybe you are being bullied. I think that is to live what is not life, experience the sad times, you are not truly living. think, To live what is not life, at the end of the tunnel. Perhaps you feel invisible or maybe you are being bullied. I think that is to live what is not life, because life is supposed to have good times and sad times. When you only experience the sad times, you are not truly living. think, to have good times and sad times. When you only experience the sad times, you are not truly living. Debut Albums and Life free essay sample As we journey through life, who we are and where we belong must be constantly re- negotiated Have you ever really felt like you feted In a group Just because of who you are? No one ever gets accepted because of the person they really are because as people journey through life they have to constantly re-negotiate who they are and where they belong. People dont know that It Is others that affect who they are. If everyone started to hang around the good people then no one will be around the evil ones and they will eventually die out.People have an Identity for every occasion Just Like you would have a top for school, a top for work and a top for going out. What people do Is use a different Identity when at home, when at school, when at work or even when hanging out with different people. We will write a custom essay sample on Debut Albums and Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They do this to belong, to fit In with everyone around them, to be accepted by todays modern society. If It wasnt for society the world would be a far better place for everyone to live in there will be no individuals who would feel left out or alienated.If you knew that it was your best friends fault hat you had a divorce and the wife got left with everything and you got nothing, you would be very upset at this so called friend of yours, in truth this is what your friend really do to you, they break up your life from the inside, they change who you are, they make life a hell for you if dont see it coming soon enough. Your friends are your worst enemy when it comes to being who you are. Sometimes its best to chose your friends wisely and the groups you hang around with even more so.What happens when no one hangs around with the bad crowd, eventually there will no longer be NY bad crowds because everyone will with the good people and no one will be with the bad people. They will no lo nger have any followers, they will be the loners the will have no friends, they will be the outcasts. People would shun them they will no longer have any place in todays society. They will die out. So you see everyone has a way of feting, be it wearing a new identity around other people or changing the people that you hang around with. It can be the end of the good or the end of the bad chose your side carefully.

Physical Appearance and Securing Employment

Outline Thesis statement: Physical appearance has been proved to influence an individual’s chances of being employed in the organization. This article reviews journal articles that talk about the relationship between physical appearance and securing employment.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Physical Appearance and Securing Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Both previous and recent studies confirm that there is a relationship between physical appearance, such as dressing and body physique, and chances of being employed in a company or in the organization. Employers associate certain individuals with particular features such as fat individuals are linked to laziness. Labeling therefore becomes a problem in seeking employment. In the United States for instance, laws have been crafted that eliminate discrimination against physical appearance. Literature shows that the most b eautiful women and handsome men have a better chance of landing a job as opposed to individuals without admirable qualities. It then follows that employment is an independent variable whereas physical traits such as body size, color, height and shape are dependent variables. Without employment as a variable, physical traits could not be relevant within the context of work. Other factors influence an individual’s chances of being employed in the organization but this paper will specifically focus on physical traits. The paper uses some journal articles to evaluate what other scholars have done in relation to the topic. Dressing code that is identified with particular cultures or religion affects an individual’s chances of being employed. Due to subjective reasons, employers may have a dislike to a potential employee because of appearance and presentation. Religion Yaghoob Foroutan examined the relationship between culture and the chances of employment for women in organ izations. He set out his research because there was a growing debate over gender and cultural disparity in society. Female Job seekers from Muslim culture had problems securing employment in Australia and other parts of the world as well. The scholar explored the differences between Muslim women and females from other cultures. He found out that Islamic dressing code discriminated women from society. Few Islam women were employed because employers were uncertain about their demands and desires (Foroutan, 2008). The researcher compared employment rates of female Muslims in Australia and those employed in other parts of the world. He established that there was no difference since other cultures all over the world had problems with Islamic dressing codes. The researcher employed quantitative research methods in his study. He distributed questionnaires to both employers and Muslim women. The findings were analyzed using regression method in order to substantiate the findings. The findin gs suggest that dressing code is directly related to chances of securing employment in the organization. Managers and employers in general are reluctant to employ people whom they do not share a culture.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gender Appearance Trautner Mary and Kwan Samantha conducted an extensive research pertaining to attractiveness of both men and women. They noted that beauty affects several stages of employment such as appointing, salary, performance assessment and promotion. Employers expect individuals to be dressed decently during recruitment exercises. Furthermore, only certain air styles attract employers, implying that those with unwanted air styles cannot land jobs. From time to time, employers encourage their employees to maintain certain body figures. Furthermore, employers regulate the dressing code of employees by insisting on official at tires. Those seeking employment must conform to prescribed attires and uniforms. The scholars sought to know why some employers were firing their staff due to increased body sizes. The researchers analyzed some of the cases deliberated by the American law courts relating to employee appearance (Trautner, Kwan, 2010). The research concludes that the number of cases keep on increasing meaning that it is a concept that needs more exploration. This aspect encouraged the two scholars to conduct this research. Contrary to popular believe, it is men who were affected most by the dressing code in 1970s. Data from this research reveal that cases differed all along from 1970s. Physical appearances problems in 1970s were concerned with male hair length. The new trend reveals that weight and deviant appearances are the major problems. This means that employers are keen to recruit individuals who match their tastes and preferences as regards to physical appearance. Tall and slender men are beli eved to be resourceful while the big-bodied are assumed lazy and unproductive. The scholars collected data through interviews. They followed the tenets of quantitative research methodology. Lisa Drogosz and Paul Levy conducted a separate study on gender appearance, in which they applied Lack of Fit Model. The scholars evaluated how the theory was utilized in places of work and during recruitment. According to them, some gender characteristics were superior to others. Individuals with desired qualities were productive than those with no such qualities (Drogosz, Levy, 1996). Employers tend to go for those employees perceived to have desired qualities. Attractive employees could boost the productivity of the firm as opposed to non-attractive ones.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Physical Appearance and Securing Employment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the employer rates recruits as masculi ne, feminine or neutral. Through their study, they established that Lack of Fit Theory was misplaced. Their findings did not replicate the results of the theory. They found out that attractiveness was the major theme in any organization. Attractive individuals scored high in their jobs. In fact, job category was not an issue because nice-looking individuals emerged top in all types of jobs. This is what happens during recruitment, meaning that good-looking recruits are given more points as opposed to the unpleasant ones. Individuals possessing either masculine or feminine qualities were rated as being nice-looking. For women, those with good shapes and height were given highest ratings while men with muscles were considered very productive. The researchers used quantitative research method, mainly because they were interested in numbers. Sexual Capital Catherine Hakim conducted a study to determine sexual attractiveness, in which she formulated Erotic Capital theory. She believes th at erotic capital is a very treasured personal quality that is utilized by individuals to seek favors, including employment. Apart from erotic capital, she identifies other forms of capital such as social, economic and human. The scholar insists that erotic capital is extremely important in the modern society. Those who can present themselves in an attractive manner will always achieve what they want. This means that even employers are attracted to nudism. Ladies wearing short cloths that display their bodies attract employers and can easily influence them, hence getting employment (Hakim, 2010). Men with attractive bodies can as well attractive female employers. However, the scholar disputes that a man cannot challenge a woman when it comes to utilization of erotic capital in seeking employment. Women will always win the favors of men during recruitment exercises. She asserts that women are always working hard to attract men hence giving them a better advantage during recruiting. U pon employment, erotic capital plays an important role in promotion and wage increment. This is because it is usually believed that such individuals bring in more customers. Zebrowitz, Hall, Murphy Rhodes concluded their studies by observing that employers can judge an individual’s intelligence from facial appearance. This is only possible when a valid cue of beauty is employed (Zebrowitz, Hall, Murphy, Rhodes, 2002).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The scholars observe further that a number of reasons contribute to relationship between attractiveness and intelligence. This means that employers use both biological and social factors to tell an individual’s capability. Some are perceived to be lazy by looking at their bodies while others are judged through behavior. Therefore, it is true that an individual’s body movement can be used to predict his/her chances of landing a job. Individuals who do things faster have an advantage of being employed than others. The research was conducted in various parts of the world to establish the influence of femininity and masculinity in employment. However, the research recommends further studies because scholars used unrepresentative sample. Future researches should use large samples to achieve viable and reliable results. Conclusion Trautner and Kwan argue that beauty affects employment processes such as hiring and promotion. On their part, Drogosz and Levy concur with Trautne r and Kwan that beauty is indeed a major determinant of employment. Foroutan discusses about the influence of cultural attire in employment, in which he argues that Islamic attire is an impediment to Islam women worldwide. Hakim further noted that individuals could utilize erotic capital to solicit employment favors. Zebrowitz, Hall, Murphy Rhodes asserted that employers could tell the character of an individual through facial appearance. It is therefore true that physical appearance affects an individual’s chances of employment. Attractive individuals have high chances of being employed. Religious attires such as those of Muslims affect their employment opportunities. This literature review is resourceful in telling the relationship between physical appearance and employment. References Drogosz, L., Levy, P. (1996). Another look at the effects of appearance, gender, and job type on performance-based decisions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(3), 437-445. Hakim, C. (2010) . Erotic Capital. European Sociological Review, 26(5), 499-518. Trautner, M., Kwan, S. (2010). Gendered appearance norms: An analysis of employment discrimination lawsuits, 1970-2008. Research in the Sociology of Work, 20, 127-150. Foroutan, Y. (2008). Women’s employment, religion and multiculturalism: Socio-demographic emphasis. Journal of Population Research, 25(1), 63-90. Zebrowitz, L., Hall, J., Murphy, N., Rhodes, G. (2002). Looking smart and looking good: Facial cues to intelligence and their origins. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(2), 238-249. This critical writing on Physical Appearance and Securing Employment was written and submitted by user Walter A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The eNotes Blog 5 Tips to Keep Up Your SummerReading

5 Tips to Keep Up Your SummerReading With all the fabulous plans you’ve made, it can be hard to keep up with your reading goals over the summer. I certainly struggle with picking up a book when I want to sleep in and enjoy the sun. However, over the course of my college experience, I picked up some handy tips to integrate reading into my summer plans. The following five tips can help you combine a love for summer with a love of reading. 1. Find a Beautiful Spot Perhaps you don’t live in a place where the sun hides for nine months, but I certainly get excited when it comes back for the summer. I love to hike, I love to go to the beach, I love to go running in parks. So I’ve started bringing my paperback or e-reader with me. You’d be surprised how much fun it is to sit down when you reach the top of the mountain you just climbed and take 15-30 minutes to read part of your book. You get to relax, look up from the book to a beautiful view, and exercise your mind after you’ve worked out your body. 2. Read in Transit If you live in a city, you know it can take some time to get out to your favorite hikes or campsites- longer if you have to fight hordes of weekend warriors as everyone rushes out of the city. Fear traffic no more! You can start thinking of these treks as valuable reading time. I started checking out books on tape from the library and listening to the CDs as I drive. It makes long drives seem short and gives me a reason to look forward to sitting in traffic. Seriously! I get to finish just one more chapter because of this traffic jam. Pro tip:Â  The more books on tape you listen to, the more you’ll fall in love with certain readers. I’ll often pick up a book on tape just because of who is reading it regardless of the plot. I’ve branched out into some fun genres I never would have picked out for myself this way. 3. Give up on Books You Don’t Love This is controversial advice, but I stick by it. If you find that a book is taking you a really, really long time to read, or that you are not excited to get right back into it, it’s OK to let it go. This is NOT TO SAY you shouldn’t read books that challenge you or expand your worldview. Choosing to read a challenging book is a great objective that you can set before you pick up a book. But if you are reading for fun and it feels like a slog, there’s no shame in tossing the book aside and finding something captivating. I know I’ve have lost whole months of reading time trying to get into a book that someone recommended. If I don’t love the book and won’t move on, it will just sit on my nightstand while I do other things- like watch TV or play video games. When I get to this place (hopefully before), it’s time to chuck the book and read something better. 4. Find a Reading Buddy I am extremely externally motivated. Exercise, eating healthy, cleaning the house, you name it - I am so much more likely to get it done if someone holds me accountable. If you have a friend, family member, or neighbor who likes the same kinds of books that you do, make a two-person book club. Pick books to read together or simply suggest books back and forth. It can also be a great excuse to eat brunch on a sunny patio; you do have to pick an ideal location to discuss your book after all. 5. Set an Artsy Reading Goal Think about how many books you want to read this summer. Then, come up with a working list of titles. This list can come from friends, library favorites, a subscription box, etc. Now think of an artistic way to celebrate each book you finish. Perhaps you take staged pictures of the book to post to your social media. Perhaps you print, draw, or paint the cover of the book to hang on a blank wall in your house. Perhaps you knit the characters’ names into a scarf or write cartoons parodying the story. Whatever creative outlet you enjoy, incorporate it into your reading. If you are thinking about how you can create a magazine collage out of the story, you might pay more attention to the plot and get more engaged in each character’s development.

Theories on Crime Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Theories on Crime Comparison - Research Paper Example This research paper discusses crime and criminal acts that both define crucial components of our societies nowadays. The researcher states that no society exists without any form of crime today. Crimes that transpire in various societies are of different magnitudes, causes and effects on the given society. However, any form of crime is detrimental to the given society and this explains the setting up of various institutions to eradicate this act. Crimes have seen immense loss innocent lives and destruction of property as well as wastage of national resources just in the hands of a few individuals. When people in the given society run away and detach from the labeled criminal, the victim will fall into psychological depression that will direct him/ her to commit heinous acts in bid to attract public attention and recognition. This research paper also describes as how to deal with crime and presents philosophers opinions, who came up with strategic modalities of studying various types of crimes, causes and ways of solving and handling the various forms of crimes. In that light, social psychologists have compressed expansive details entailing crime into comprehensive frames called theories. The researcher then focuses on discussing of various crime theories and uses real-life examples as on how to make them evident. Examples of the crime theories in action presented in this research paper include the developmental crime theory, labeling theory, strain theory, and rational choice theory among others.

Humes Theory of Sense Impressions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Humes Theory of Sense Impressions - Essay Example He states that we do not experience the world but instead only experience our sense impressions (what he terms as secondary qualities). However, for us to experience these secondary qualities there must be an existence of primary qualities from which they are derived from (Passer et al 118). Otherwise, his argument would make no sense as it would claim that the sense impressions we experience pop up from nowhere in particular and into being. In order for sense impression to exist, there must be the existence of a source from which these impressions are derived from (Passer et al 120).   The source itself must also possess primary qualities and thus this is proof that there is actually a world out there with objects that have primary qualities (Passer et al 125). The sense impressions that we experience can also be argued to be as a result of the t\interpretation of the true impressions that they are derived from and in order for this to happen there must be an existence of a â€Å"self† which is responsible for the interpretation (Passer et al 127). In conclusion, it can be said by making the argument for the existence of sense impressions, this theory by default creates room for the argument of the existence of objects with primary qualities.   Francis Bacon was a famous philosopher who was also involved in politics during his time and came up with a theory he referred to as Idols of the mind. These were the various traps laid down by conventional thinking that prevented individuals from seeking out the truth in a subject and induced them into being comfortable with the information that has already been presented to them by various sources within the society (Jackson 52).

The Slave Trade in Africa Essay Example for Free

The Slave Trade in Africa Essay Eric Williams thesis entitled Capitalism and slavery is not a study on the nature of the slave trade, but rather a study of the role of slavery in the English economy. In his thesis Williams proposes the idea that capitalism is a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Williams defines capitalism as when someone can use their resources to make a profit without that person actually being present. The Atlantic Slave Trade was then an example of capitalism. English investors gave funds to stock companies, such as the Dutch East Indian Company, who wound use those funds to purchase ships and trading goods. The stock companies would then hire a crew and send the ships to Africa where they would trade their goods for African Slaves. The ships would then transport the slaves to the Americas where they would sell their human cargo and purchase American goods. The ships could then return to England and sell their American goods for capital, then splitting the profit amongst the investors. In his thesis Williams asserts that these stock companies were the first examples of capitalism and that the capitalists systems which are present in the modern world are direct results of the Atlantic Slave Trade. It appears that Williams is correct in his thesis. While elements of capitalism, such as buying and selling of goods, were present prior to the slave trade, this was the first point in history when private investors combined their capital in the form of a company whose sole purpose was to increase that capital. At no point did the stock companies manufacture any new product instead these companies served only to buy and sell commodities in such a way as to increase the capital of their investors. Ancient Africa was characterized by strong states. Unlike Europe African states were well organized before the birth of Christ. However as European states became stronger African states weakened. These strong ancient African states such as, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kush and Benin, believed that the purpose of the state was to serve the people. This ideology made it possible for African states to become strong because since the state served the people the people were willing to participate in defending the state and submit to taxation in order to pro vide for the needs of the state which then benefited the individual. However African states began to weaken when the Arab came into Africa. In a quest to seek the destruction of Christianity in Europe the Arabs tore through the Maghreb (five north African countries). The Arabs not only took over the state, but also the culture, as a new Arab population settled, and pushed the original African population below the Sahara. The Arab presence in Africa soon led to a weakening of the African State. In 1350 the strong African state of Songhai began to have border disputes with the Arab led state Morroco. Songhai stated that the purpose of the African state was to serve the people to which Morroco replied that the purpose of the state was to serve Islam. Since the ruler of Morroco was a descendant of Mohammed that meant that it was Songhais responsibility to support the Morrocan state rather than the interests of its own people. Songhai was destroyed by Morroco in 1591, and after Songhais destruction any new states that emerged in this area put the interests of outsiders above the welfare of their own people. The area that had once been the strong empire of Songhai became the core of the slave trade in Africa. When Europeans came into Africa to trade they dealt with these weakened African states. They provided the states arms and the states allowed Europeans to enslave their citizens. African states allied with European nations at the expense of their own people; showing that the purpose of the African state had changed from serving its citizens to serving the interests of outsiders because the same sort of brutality used by Morroco in its destruction of Songhai was used by the Europeans in gunboat diplomacy. The African state would submit to foreign interests because it was no longer strong enough to fight back. African states could not compete against European technology so the rulers of these states signed agreements that allowed their people to be captured, enslaved and taken across the Atlantic. The weakening of the African state caused a change in the purpose of the State. The purpose of the state became providing for the needs and wants of foreigners; this is why the slave trade was possible in Africa. Not only did the African states allow its people to be enslaved, but the states participated in the enslavement of its own people in order to receive the benefits of trade with the Europeans.

George Balanchine Essay -- Choreographer Art Ballet Essays

George Balanchine If composers are the masters of time, then the choreographer George Balanchine is the master of visual realization of that time in human terms. A master in both the kinesthetic and musical frames of creativity, he did not devote his energies to music visualization by assigning a certain number of dancers to represent strings, others the brass, and still others woodwinds or percussion but by creating a visual analogy in space that restates the musical structure with the trained dancer's body. He claimed that "Ballet... should not be an illustrator of even...the most substantive of literary sources. It will speak for itself. The ballet is flowers, beauty, poetry...I am, if you please, an advocate of pure art." Balanchine's most intense desire was "to make audiences see music and hear dancing." Georgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze was born the second of three children to Meliton Balanchivadze and his wife Marie on January 22,1904 in the village of Banodzha in western Georgia. His older sister was named Tamara and his younger brother, Andrei. Georgi was a very reserved child and never showed his emotions. When he was punished he would hide, afraid someone would see him crying. When translated, balanchivadze means "jester's son", which always amused Balanchine because his father was a singer and composer, and his mother was a pianist who encouraged the musical development of her children. When Meliton was home from his many tours and study trips he would teach the children to sing, and all three of them took piano lessons. At parties Andrei and Tamara would often dance for the guests but Georgi refused because he hated anything to do with dance and performance. When she reached the official age for admitt... ... companies perform at least one Balanchine work. Upon his death, it was written in the New York Review of Books that "George Balanchine liked to say, quoting Mayakovsky, 'I am not a man, but a cloud in trousers.' And now that luminous cloud has floated off, leaving us with a loss far deeper than the grave." Works Cited: A Ballet Society Book. Portraits of Mr. B: Photographs of George Balanchine. New York: The Viking Press, 1984. Buckle, Richard. George Balanchine: Ballet Master. New York: Random House, 1988. Flatow, Sheryl. "The Balanchine Trust: Guardian of the Legacy". Dance Magazine. December 1990, p 58-61. McDonagh, Don. George Balanchine. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1983. Reynolds, Nancy. "Balanchine in the USSR: Cultural Revelation". Dance Magazine. January 1994, p 88-90. Taper, Bernard. Balanchine: A Biography. New York: Times Books, 1984.

Abortion: Pro Life or Pro Choice? Essay

The issue of abortion is one of the most contentious, and emotive dilemmas faced by modern societies (Devanny, 2000). Women should have the right to choose whether or not they want to continue or terminate their pregnancy. Since the infamous Supreme Court case of Roe vs. Wade, women were given the right to choose what’s best for them and their unborn child even if it means to end life. Since abortion became illegal, there have been many debates between pro choice and pro life that women have the right to choose but in the process they are killing a living human being. Pro Choice Women all over the world should have the right to a safe, legal, and accessible abortion (Lee, 2007). Pro choice groups agree that it’s the women’s right to decide whether or not to bring a child into this world is a personal matter and we shouldn’t try to interfere with her right to choose. Statistics have should that when abortion is made illegal and inaccessible to women, she would turn to every unsafe procedure in order to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Women may attempt to induce miscarriages or will try to self terminate the pregnancy by using home remedies. If this happens complications may include inflammation, hemorrhaging, kidney failure, infertility complications, and may also result in death. Each year it has been estimated that 78,000 deaths occur due to homemade abortions. In the cases of rape or incest, forcing a woman who got pregnant in a violent act would cause more psychological damage to them. In these types of cases, abortion is best option which will allow the victim to not bring a child into this world which was conceived through a violent crime. See more: Unemployment – problems and solutions essay Pro Life Abortion is a tragedy; there are far too many in the United State today (Chittom, 2007). Since the landmark Supreme Court case of Roe vs. Wade which gave the right for women to seek medical help for terminating a pregnancy. The debate between pro life and pro choice has been going on for years. Pro life groups have made continuous efforts to inform women who are contemplating abortion to consider the consequence that come with it. Some pro life women who had abortions have experienced some emotional, psychological, physical, and spiritual scars that stay with them for the rest of their lives. Depression and other stress related illness have derived from abortions. Due to abortions, mental health services costs have increased to women suffering from post-abortion trauma. Studies have shown that abortions can lead to medical complications later on life which included the risks of ectopic pregnancies, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and a chance of miscarriages with future pregnancies, Pro life movements have expressed that life begins at conception and getting an abortion is like committing murder. Abortion Debated Abortion is an option that must remain accessible to women if they decide to choose to terminate the pregnancy. Before abortion was legalized woman waited longer before deciding to seek abortion which makes it more dangerous to the welfare of the mother and child. Abortion can also be present psychological pain and stress that comes after abortion. Abortion is important option to women who faces an unplanned pregnancy. Some argue that a child who is unwanted should not be brought into this world. Pro lifers look at a child as blessing and there are many other options that will allow you to get rid of any unwanted pregnancy. Adoption should be considered for women who don’t want to terminate their pregnancy to give their child up to people who will give them the love and care that they deserve. The most heated debate between pro life and pro choice is rape. Pro choice forces believe that a woman who has suffered through rape or other violent crimes should be able to terminate the unwanted pregnancy with no remorse. Pro life forces believe that the rapist should be punished not the child. Terminating the pregnancy punishes an innocent child not the rapist. Conclusion The battle between for pro life and pro choice has been debated for years. It’s up the women to do what she thinks is necessary when it comes to unwanted pregnancies. Since the 1973 case of Roe vs. Wade, many have taken sides for and against abortion. Is it right for the federal government to interfere with a women’s right to choose life or not? This debate will continue for until the end of time. Who are we to say who’s right and who’s wrong when it comes to abortion? References: Lee, M. (2007) Point: Abortion is a Health and Human Right Issue. Points of View: Abortion. Retrieved on June 28, 2009 from the Points of View Reference Center Database Chittom, Lynn-nore. (2007) Counterpoint: Why Women Should Choose Not to Abort. Points of View: Abortion. Retrieved on June 28, 2009 from Points of View Reference Database Wilson, Brian. (2007) Counterpoint: Outlawing Abortion. Points of View: Abortion. Retrieved on August 14, 2009 from the Points of View Reference Center Database Anderson, Tim (2007) Point: The Right to Safe and Legal Abortion. Points of View: Abortion. Retrieved on August 13, 2009 from the Points of View Reference Center Database. Devanny, Joe (2009). Should abortion be permitted? Retrieved from www.idebate.org Lowen, Linda Ten Arguments for Abortion and Against Abortion Retrieved on August 12, 2009 from www.womenissues.about.com

The History of Calculators and William Seward Burroughs

Determining who invented the calculator and when the first calculator was created is not as easy as it seems. Even in pre-historic times, bones and other objects were used to calculate arithmetic functions. Long afterward came mechanical calculators, followed by electrical calculators and then their evolution into the familiar but not-so-ubiquitous-anymore handheld calculator. Here are some of the milestones and prominent figures who played a role in the development of the calculator through history. Milestones and Pioneers The Slide Rule:  Before we had calculators we had slide rules. In 1632, the circular and rectangular slide rule was invented by W. Oughtred (1574-1660).  Resembling a standard ruler, these devices allowed users to multiply, divide, and calculate roots and logarithms. They were not typically used for addition or subtraction, but they were commonplace sights in school rooms and workplaces well into the 20th century.   Mechanical Calculators William Schickard (1592-1635):  According to his notes, Schickard succeeded in designing and building the first mechanical calculating device. Schickard’s accomplishment went unknown and unheralded for 300 years, until his notes were discovered and publicized, so it was not until Blaise Pascal’s invention gained widespread notice that mechanical calculation came to the public’s attention.   Blaise Pascal (1623-1662): Blaise Pascal invented one of the first calculators, called the Pascaline, to help his father with his work collecting taxes. An improvement in Schickard’s design, it nevertheless suffered from mechanical shortcomings and higher functions required repetitive entries. Electronic Calculators William Seward Burroughs (1857-1898): In 1885, Burroughs filed his first patent for a calculating machine. However, his 1892 patent was for an improved calculating machine with an added printer.  The Burroughs Adding Machine Company, which he founded in St. Louis, Missouri, went on to great success popularizing the inventor’s creation. (His grandson, William S. Burroughs enjoyed great success of a far different kind, as a Beat writer.)